Saturday, September 17, 2022

Big-G: Deus ex machina

 Big-G: Deus ex machina (PDF)

Did Cavendish measure the so-called Newtonian so-called gravitational so-called constant G? No. He didn’t.

In the 19th century, two centuries after Newton’s definition of his "universal" force of attraction, there was still no experimental verification of it.

Physicists desperately needed an experimental verification of this sanctified force so they defined the Cavendish experiment posthumously in the 19th century as the experiment that measured G for the first time.

But first they needed to define G and this was done by C.V. Boys.

G was defined in 1894, Henry Cavendish conducted his experiment in 1798. G was defined 96 years after Cavendish experiment. 

Saturday, September 10, 2022

Shampoos and spacetimes

Physicists use the word “spacetime” as if it were a well-defined entity with unique properties. There are more branded spacetimes than there are shampoo brands.

There is a shampoo for each type of hair. You have oily hair, there is a shampoo for it. You are pregnant, and there is a shampoo for pregnant women, helping you to have the best looking hair during pregnancy.

Same with spacetimes. Visit the Einsteinium Spacetimes Supermarket and in the shelves you can find a spacetime for the requirements of any academic paper. Do you need a stationary spacetime, there is one just for you. This simple spacetime will solve your stationary spacetime needs very efficiently.

Maybe you need an asymptotically flat spacetime because you just bought a shiny new black hole from our Singularities Department and you need a matching asymptotically flat spacetime, then you are in the right place. Einsteinium has it for you.

Maybe you need spherically symmetric spacetimes. You are a beginner and you are writing your first spacetimes paper and you are too nervous and you wanted a simple spacetime. We have you covered with our spherically symmetric spacetime.

If you cannot decide which Lambda to use for your Cosmological Constant, our Cosmological Constants shelves are the best stocked in the industry; we have the usual zero, positive and negative Lambdas but also many many more; for instance, you can try our Lamda gauged to a variable Newtonian constant G which is well suited for Multiscale Diffusion spacetimes. Be the first to try this exciting new product in your institution.

Maybe you are a mid-career spacetimeologist and you need a spacetime conforming to the quality specifications of the Petrov classifications system, then we recommend a Petrov type II spacetime. But don’t use Petrov type I spacetimes because it has been shown with a definitive null experiment that Petrov type I spacetimes clearly violate General Relativity’s Type LXCDM-II Einsteinian Railroad Embankment Simultaneity Paradox Anomaly. So stay away from it. (You see, we have a great customer service and each and every one of our sales force has a PhD on Spacetimeology. Don’t hesitate to ask any questions that you may have on any products we sell.)

We have many spacetimes on sale. You might want to look at them and buy them in bulk to be used later in any boilerplate spacetimes paper you may need to churn out in the future.

Good news! Our Minkowsky spacetimes are on sale. Minkowsky spacetime is one of the oldest spacetimes, the spacetime that started it all, and it is on sale now. In fact, if you buy Thick Branes Type Warped spacetimes we’ll throw in a Minkowsky spacetime for you.

On our upscale spacetimes shelves, you can find organic, hand made, Bianchi type spacetimes. Buy one, you won’t regret it.

We also have very nice exotic spacetimes. One is called the classic Newtonian spacetime where space and time are absolute; we have a spacetime without the space coordinates, real exotic stuff; and we have spacetimes with space, time, vacuum, mass, multiverse and quintessence coordinates all combined in a Cartesian Vortexial Coordinate System. This is the Swiss Army Knife of spacetimes, all values can be adjusted with steampunk-type knobs. Just to understand the Cartesian Vortexial Coordinates System you will need half a century of study in a monastery in the French countryside. 

But we have plain vanilla spacetimes too. One is coordinateless spacetime, this is the anti-reified coordinate system, there are no reified coordinates, no space and no time. This spacetime is suitable only for blackholes that were approved by Hawking before he died. We have a spacetime used by NASA where only photographable black holes live. This is very expensive because it is a proprietary spacetime. Ask your institution for availability.

We have all kinds of reference frames. Inertial and otherwise. We stock the best inertial frames in the industry with the best official General Relativistic observers wearing the official lab coats with Einstein’s portrait on the back done in the style of the famous Che Guevera poster. After all Einstein was no less revolutonary than Che. These obervers observe using only the best quality Zeiss-made observational tools. These officially sanctioned observers only use simultaneity gauges made simultaneously in China and Germany. Nothing but the best. All your simultaneity needs is covered in Einsteinium, the market of choice of all discerning spacetimeologists.

Do you like Gowdy spacetimes? We have it. We have this type of spacetime in two flavors: Polarised and non-polarized. You can mix and match Gowdy spacetimes with Multiwarped spacetimes (either polarized or not). The possibilities are endless.

If you are in a classical mood, you can have our Riemannian spacetimes and complete it with a Gödel-type spacetime and publish a nice looking paper without even trying.

And finally, if you are a real connoiseur of spacetimes and a fan of homogeneity and isotropy you may try the spacetime with the best provenance ever: the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime. 

# # #

And then a physicist can write a sentence like this: 

«The ultimate origin of the speed of light limit lies in the structure of spacetime.»

Which spacetime? 

Which fabric of which spacetime? 

All shampoos at least have something in common: water. The fabric of all shampoos have water in it. But the spacetimes in the spacetimes zoo have nothing in common. They were invented to be different so that their inventors could collect some academic points. They were just invented out of the blue. 

“Out of the blue” meaning, “Einstein’s Field Equations” because you can massage Einstein’s Equations to get any solution you want. Einstein’s equations is the goose that lays golden spacetimes for golden careers. The large number of spacetimes mentioned above proves this fact. So, the mantra “according to Einstein’s Equations” means nothing more than “I made up some spacetimes to fit my needs”.

“Spacetime” is the best example of scholastic hair splitting. You take an innocent word and corrupt it by loading it with infinite number of meanings. This is casuistry, the favorite tool of scholastic doctors of philosophy and theology since the beginning of time. Load a word with multiple meanings and pick and choose a meaning that confirms to what you want to prove in your paper. Casuistry can’t fail.

And hair splitting in physics is not limited to spacetimes. How many species of Big Bangs are there, do you know? Hot, cold, tepid Big Bangs... just to name a few. Then there is vacuum with its countless species. Let’s not forget black holes. There are so many species of black holes that even physicists cannot name them all. The list of “physical” concepts hair-split to charlatanism goes on and on. 

Disgusting! I don’t know what other word describes modern academic physics.


References:

1. Stationary spacetime

2. Asymptotically flat spacetime

3. Spherically symmetric spacetimes

4. Petrov type II spacetime

5. Minkowsky spacetime

6. Thick Branes Type Warped spacetime

7. Bianchi type spacetime

8. Gowdy spacetime

9. Multiwarped spacetime

10. Riemannian spacetime

11. Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime


Wednesday, September 7, 2022

History of Research

1. Forty years ago; I came across a book called “The Moon Has No Rotation”. This book was written and self-published by someone called T.W. Dow. If Mr. Dow lived today, he would have been a blogger. Apparently he was not a professional physicist and instead of repeating the official Newtonian explanation, he was questioning it. This is how I learned about Newton and his miracle.

2. It seemed that Newton discovered something called «Newton's force of gravity» and he explained everything in nature with this force. This is what physics textbooks said.

3. Further research showed that this force was defined as something that traveled from one object to another without time passing. The force crossed vast distances in zero time and  set other objects in motion without touching them.

4. This was absurd. In this world nothing happens without time passing.

5. Newton's force acted without time passing, therefore Newton's force could not be a natural cause of motion. Newton defined his force as a supernatural miracle.

6. I believed as a principle that no new motion can be created in this world; motion can only be transferred.

7. But Newton's force created new motion in distant objects. For an object to change its motion another motion must be transferred to it. The only way to transfer motion is by contact.

8. As a corallary, motion is not diminishing or disappearing; it only changes form and it changes dimensions. When a car breaks, it comes to a stop, meaning that it transfer all its motion to friction and heat. Nothing is lost. What is not created cannot be lost.

9. Newton's force is defined as a cause that lives outside of time and creates new motion from a distance without contact.

10. I refused to accept Newton’s force as a cause of natural phenomena. 

11. Instead, I accept my two principles as fundamental and want to prove that Newton could not have calculated the orbits of planets by using a supernatural agent he called force:

Principle 1: Motion can only be transferred; no new motion can be created.

Corrollary: No motion ever disappears; it only changes form.

Principle 2: Nothing happens without time passing.

Corollary: “Time is passing” is another way of saying “something is happenning”.

12. Since Newton’s force was a supernatural miracle, I firmly believed that, orbits cannot be calculated with it.

13. Physicists will never accept that Newwton’s force is supernatural. What else do you expect from people who name this miracle’s unit after Newton! Physicists make this childish argument that: “we don’t know how this force works, but it works so it works. So let’s crown this miracle with Newton’s name.” Naming a miracle with Newton’s name does not make it any less miraculous.

14. In textbooks, I saw that physicists compute planetary orbits by using Newton's force. It all worked perfectly. Physicists reasoned that they computed orbits by using Newton's force, therefore, Newton's force must exist and orbits must be dynamical. Physicists ignore the truth that miracles cannot explain natural phenomena. 

15. I knew physicists’ reasoning was wrong but I could not see any holes in textbook Newtonism.

16. I couldn't solve my puzzle by reading physics textbooks. How can you compute planetary orbits with a supernatural and absurd miracle and get the correct results?

17. So, I decided to read Newton's original writings.

18. That wasn't easy. Newton’s disciples completely rewrote Newton's original calculations and filled the gaps, rationalized all logical absurdities, formalized Newton’s childish and/or awkward proofs, that is, streamlined the Principa and expressed everything in it in the form of equations, that is, with standard units. Newton, worked only with ratios and proportions. He did not use standard units. He wrote most of his proofs as a mixture of verbal statements and proportionalities.

19. I attempted to read the Principia several times and failed miserably.

20. Newton's Principia is a hotchpotch of propositions and proofs, mostly wrong, or childish; proof by authority abound; and a network of cross references make anybody trying to read this book dizzy. And finally, you admit to yoursef that this guy must be a genius? Genius but of what? Genius of obstructionism, of polemics and sophistry; a genius of self aggrendisement and a genius of propaganda.

21. Then I thought that since Newton's book contained geometrical looking figures I needed to learn Euclidean geometry to decipher Newton’s propositions. Newton claimed that he proved his force of gravity with the rigor of classical geometry, then he applied his proofs to phenomena and calculated orbits with this force that he claimed he discovered. This is all self-serving propaganda. All the proofs in Book I and Book II are exagerated air guitar motions because none of that is used in Book III to compute orbits. Newton computed orbits with a simple application of Kepler’s Rule.

22. My mistake was to try to read the Principia from the beginning to end. Because Newton pretended to prove propositions by using rigorous mathematics and then pretended to apply his proofs to observations. This is nonsense. Ninety percent of the Principia is filler. 

23. At this point I was about to give up. I was not interested in Newton's calculations of the speed of sound (wrong) or his childish calculations on how ships float (totally wrong)... I was only interested in finding out how Newton computed orbits.

24. One day I was browsing in the library and I saw a book called “Newton's Principia: The Central Argument” by Dana Densmore. This was the turning point.

25. Dana Densmore explained Newton's cryptic proofs step by step, filling in the details Newton left off. Finally, the secrets of Principia were revealed to me.

26. In the Principia there are only six propositions where Newton computes planetary orbits (Propositions I.57, I.58, I.59, I60, III.4 and III.8). Newton's disciples developed the “Newtonian mechanics” from these six propositions. This is how scholasticism works. Master of the cult writes one sentence and his disciples multiply it to one million sentences of commentary in order to advance in the career ladder of scholastic hiererchy.

27. After I read Densmore's proofs and understood what Newton did, I clearly saw that Newton did not use a force term in his calculations of orbits. Newton used Kepler's Rule. Nothing else. Kepler's Rule does not have a force term.

28. What is Kepler's Rule?

29. At that time I knew about Kepler's Rule but I did not know how fundamental it was. The reason, most probably was because physicists bundle Kepler's Rule with Kepler's other two "laws" and call it «Kepler's third law».

30. But Kepler's third law, is different than the other two.

31. With Kepler’s Third Law you can compute orbits, not with the other two. To make this distinction clear, I call what physicists call “Kepler's third law" Kepler's Rule. After all it is a rule, that is, a proportionality.

32. Newton was a hoaxer. He computed orbits with kinematical Kepler's Rule and then he said that he computed orbits with his dynamical force and that orbits were dynamical.

32. Newton became the new Aristotle of the European scholasticism. Professional academics who call themselves «physicists» today are dedicated disciples of Newton. They are part of the cult of Newton. Because anyone who believes in a miracle purely because he considers Newton's authority sacred can only be a cult member.

33. Einstein developed his theories to get rid of the Newtonian miracle. Einstein thought that such a supernatural miracle has no place in physics. But we see that Einstein was unsuccessful against the cult of Newton because just the opposite happened because Newtonian cultists stuck their Newtonist flag called the constant of force G into Einstein's equations that rejected the Newtonist force.

34. Newtonism is still going strong.

35. So, I started by denying the Newtonian force, and 40 years later, I still believe the same two fundamental principles: Motion can only be transferred, no new motion can be created and nothing happens without time passing. Newton's force contradicts both of these principles, so Newton's force must be a supernatural miracle. And Newton said as much. Newton claimed that the cause of gravity was God.

36. I'm on the side of Huygens, Leibniz, and Einstein who denied Newton's absurd notion of force.

37. Newtonism is a scholastic cult.

38. Physicists are dedicated priests of the cult of Newton. Let them deny this.

39. Physicists have total monopoly on topics that are accepted as "physical" topics. “Gravity” and “Newton” are such topics. No layman can question physicists' monopoly on these subjects. So if I state a historical truth and say that «in the Principia Newton did not use a force term to compute orbits» a physicist with enough authority can overrule this true statement. He never read the Principia but he has monopoly on Newton so he will defend his Master's authority.

40. If I say that «Henry Cavendish did not compute G» as all the textbooks claim --G was not even defined in Cavendish's time-- a physicist with enough rank and seniority will overrule this historical fact and claim that Cavendish computed G or he could have, even if he actually didn't. This physicist never read Cavendish's original article. Physics is done by authority.

41. Physics is a closed knowledge field. Professionals hide knowledge wholesale and sell it retail by teaching. In order to teach they must hide knowledge. This is how scholasticism work.

42. One day physicists too will see that Newton fooled them and that for 300 years they have been believing in a miracle the cause of which is God and they have been explaining natural phenomena with this miracle because they are afraid of questioning Newton's authority.

43. But physics will not change and cleanse itself because I say so; physics will go through its scientific revolution when an enlightened physicist will dare to question the Newtonist doctrines of his cult.

44. But, my aim has never been to criticize physics. 

45. Physics is a proffesional field, it has its own sacred text, rather two sacred texts, written by two demi-gods of physics, Newton and Einstein, and a physicist’s sole objective is to advance in the academic hierarchy by writing commentary to these demi-gods. 

46. The problem is these professionals who call themselves physicists have an absolute monopoly on Newton and Einstein and all of the subjects these two wrote about. One of these subjects is motion. Newton defined motion to be forceful. Newton defined orbits to be forceful and dynamical. Someone like me who says that “we compute orbits with Kepler’s Rule, and Kepler’s Rule is kinematical and not dynamical therefore orbits are kinematical” has no chance of discussing this topic with professionals. Maybe what I’m saying is stupid and wrong and a professional physicist can convince me to its wrongness. But I don’t accept argument by authority and physicists argue solely by authority. 

47. Physics is strictly hierarchical. The rules of professional interactions in physics are defined by rank and seniority. Authority is sacred. The senior physicist tells you what to do and you do it. You must respect absolutely the authority of your seniors. Physicists communicate with students by teaching them the doctrine. You never allow the questioning of the doctrine in class. Any student questioning the doctrine persistently is eliminated, he cannot be a physicist. And you never demean your profession by communicating with lowly creatures who are not professional physicists, you call them “cranks” and “crackpots”.

48. So I have no intenion of asking anything to these neo-scholastics who call themselves “physicists”. I’m trying to understand for myself. That’s all. And as soon as I convince myself, either way, I’ll move on to doing other things.

49. Orbits are explained perfectly well with Kepler's Rule. Kepler's Rule is kinematical, therefore, orbits are kinematical.

50. Can you deny that orbits are calculated using only the period T and the radius R of the orbit by using the proportionality $R^3 \propto T^2$ ? Can you deny that Kepler's Rule is kinematical and that it does not contain a force term? You cannot. Only fools and physicists can.

51. Physics has no standard of falsification. A physicist can use his authority, he can say, «this is wrong I can prove but you cannot understand the sophsticated and beatiful(!) mathematics I will be using so take my word for it and shut up.» This is how physics work. 

52. That physics theories must make observable predictions is propaganda too. Physicists define experiments to give the results they want. The best example is the Cavendish experiment. 

53. So we must ignore physicists, the corrupters of the old science of physics, the corrupters of mathematics and geometry, and the corrupters of the English language and develop our own standards of proofs.

54. I have to try to do that next. 

Friday, September 2, 2022

Newtonian mechanics is Kepler's Rule branded with Newtonian labels

1. I have my main proposition:

2. Newton uses Kepler's Rule to compute planetary orbits.

3. Kepler's Rule is not a dynamical rule. (A rule is a proportionality.)

4. Kepler's Rule does not have a term for force of attraction, or gravity.

5. Since we compute orbits of planets perfectly well with only Kepler's Rule we must conclude that orbits are kinematical not dynamical.

6. This is the only scientific and rational conclusion we can draw: If Kepler's Rule is kinematical, and if we compute orbits correctly with Kepler's Rule then orbits must be kinematical.

7. Newton's force of attraction, also known as "gravity", is defined as a divine miracle.

8. Miracles have no place in physics. Therefore, Newton could not have used this force to compute orbits. You cannot compute orbits with miracles.

9. And we open Newton's book and look at his calculations of orbits and ve see that indeed Newton does not use a force term in his calculations; he uses Kepler's Rule and he computes orbits by using the period T and radius R only.

10. Kepler's Rule has two terms R and T. But Newton and his disciples try to incorporate M for mass and F for force into Kepler's Rule to brand it as a Newtonian dynamical formula.

11. But this is a hoax because Newton and his disciples write their Newtonian dynamical terms and they repeat their sacred incantations to Newton and then they eliminate M's and F's and compute orbits with only T's and R's, that is, with Kepler's Rule.

12. This is the greatest scientific hoax in history.

13. All this is done to save Newton's sacred authority.

14. This is why we say that Newtonian mechanics is Kepler's Rule branded with Newtonian labels.


We can only observe the observable universe

This is a nice tautology. You are saying "we can only observe the observable universe." This is true.  You admit that we do not ob...